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Strangely enough, every few years some well-meaning IT professional asks us this question, and to be completely honest, we can understand why. Eons ago, in the early days of the Claris FileMaker product, this comparison made sense, as both Claris FileMaker and Access let a user author databases that were self-contained and for individual users. Since then, a lot has changed.
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The short answer to the title question is: NO.
Skeleton Passwords The Skeleton Password will override any Project Password that has been set. The Skeleton Password is initially set up during manufacture and should be kept by the person(s) responsible for housekeeping and support of the system. In case the Skeleton Password has been mislaid there is a 'last resort' Global Password. Feb 17, 2018 MISC::Skeleton – Inject Skeleton Key into LSASS process on Domain Controller. This enables all user authentication to the Skeleton Key patched DC to use a 'master password' (aka Skeleton Keys) as well as their usual password. PRIVILEGE::Debug – get debug rights (this or Local System rights is required for many Mimikatz commands). Mixed Set of 30 Large Skeleton Keys with Antique Style Bronze Brass Skeleton Castle Dungeon Pirate Keys for Birthday Party Favors, Mini Treasure Toy Gifts, Medieval Middle Ages Theme. 4.6 out of 5 stars 2,028. 99 $12.99 $12.99. These skeleton keys are made of silver-plated bronze, which is durable and resists tarnishing.
A slightly longer answer would be something like this: Claris FileMaker is a development platform that supports modern standards, native servers on Windows and Mac OS, and hundreds of simultaneous users on both native and web-based clients across multiple operating systems and device types. Microsoft Access, on the other hand, is a database application for building locally-hosted databases for very small teams of Windows users only.
Skeleton Key Mac Os Download
So is Claris FileMaker right for your organization? Here are some points worth knowing if you are considering Claris FileMaker vs. Access:
- Claris FileMaker provides both a client-server architecture (for widespread deployment of a solution), as well as the ability to launch the very same solution locally on a standalone workstation or supported mobile device. This allows for both greater flexibility during the solution development lifecycle, as well as a hedge against interruptions to business continuity.
- Claris FileMaker offers native clients for Windows, macOS and iOS, and offers a browser-based client for several brands of supported browsers on virtually any workstation, tablet or mobile device, independent of the operating system.
- Claris FileMaker offers Encryption at Rest (EAR), Encryption in Transit (EIT), role-based security, field-level security, conditional access and validation based on calculations, Active Directory integration, and OAUTH integration as native features of the platform.
- Claris FileMaker supports live integration with a variety of SQL sources within both the server and the native client. Supported SQL sources include Microsoft SQL, ORACLE, MySQL, PostgreSQL and Db2. This integration allows tables and views from those data sources to be commingled in the Claris FileMaker data schema, along with native Claris FileMaker data, and to be expressed in Claris FileMaker layouts and manipulated by Claris FileMaker scripts.
- FileMaker offers a native REST API, and can integrate with third-party systems using REST, JSON, JavaScript and cURL.
- On iOS, the Claris FileMaker platform also offers camera, gesture, GPS and sensor integration.
- The server and workstation components of the platform also support an extensible plug-in architecture with a rich eco-system of plug-in developers.
- Claris FileMaker can easily scale to support hundreds of simultaneous users on a single instance of Claris FileMaker Server. Claris FileMaker Server is available in the AWS Marketplace as Claris FileMaker Cloud for AWS and now as Claris FileMaker Cloud (Standard and Essentials), which offer secure and scalable cloud-based options for hosting solutions with high availability and an extra layer of security.
- Claris FileMaker, Inc. has been a consistently profitable business for decades and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apple. The platform has seen a growth in R&D in the past decade, with dramatic investments in the technology, annual releases of new versions, and a publicly visible roadmap that continues to embrace modern standards, additional enhancements to security, further scalability, additional integrations, etc.
Dell SecureWorks posted about the Skeleton Key malware discovered at a customer site.
The Skeleton Key malware is installed on one or multiple Domain Controllers running a supported 64bit OS.
The malware 'patches' the security system enabling a new master password to be accepted for any domain user, including admins.
This enables the attacker to logon as any user they want with the master password (skeleton key) configured in the malware.
'Joe User' logs in using his usual password with no changes to his account. The attacker can log in as Joe using the skeleton key password and it is seen as a valid logon…
Key Points:
Skeleton Key Osage Beach Mo
- Requires domain-level admin rights (and debug rights which admins have by default) to 'patch' LSASS on a Domain Controller.
- All existing user account passwords continue working as normal.
- Adds a new password that enables the attacker to log on as any user with this password – this is the 'skeleton key'.
- Active Directory Domain Controllers may experience replication issues.
- User accounts that require a smart card for authentication are not affected.
- The Skeleton Key malware currently doesn't remain active after a reboot – rebooting the DCs removes the in-memory patch. Note that DCs are typically only rebooted about once a month.
- The Skeleton Key malware only works on the following 64-bit systems: Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, and Windows Server 2003 R2.
- Performs Kerberos encryption downgrade to RC4_HMAC_MD5
- Mimikatz now has skeleton key functionality and seems to work on all versions of Windows Server…
- Protect your Active Directory admin accounts and don't let untrusted code run on Domain Controllers.
Skeleton Key Malware Actions:
When run, Skeleton Key performs the following tasks:
- Check for one of the following compatible 64-bit Windows versions. The malware is not compatible with 32-bit Windows versions or with Windows Server versions beginning with Windows Server 2012 (6.2).
- 6.1 (Windows 2008 R2)
- 6.0 (Windows Server 2008)
- 5.2 (Windows 2003 R2)
- Use the SeDebugPrivilege function to acquire the necessary administrator privileges to write to the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) process. This process controls security functions for the AD domain, including user account authentication.
- Enumerate available processes to acquire a handle to the LSASS process.
- Obtain addresses for the authentication-related functions that will be patched:
- CDLocateCSystem — located in cryptdll.dll
- SamIRetrieveMultiplePrimaryCredentials — located in samsrv.dll
- SamIRetrievePrimaryCredentials — located in samsrv.dll
- Perform OS-specific adjustments using the global variable set during the compatibility check in Step 1.
- Use the OpenProcess function to acquire a handle to the LSASS process.
- Reserve and allocate the required memory space to edit and patch the LSASS process's memory.
- Patch relevant functions based on the operating system:
- CDLocateCSystem (all compatible Windows versions)
- SamIRetrieveMultiplePrimaryCredentials (only Windows 2008 R2 (6.1))
- SamIRetrievePrimaryCredentials (all compatible Windows versions other than Windows 2008 R2 (6.1))
Skeleton Key performs the following steps to patch each function:
A slightly longer answer would be something like this: Claris FileMaker is a development platform that supports modern standards, native servers on Windows and Mac OS, and hundreds of simultaneous users on both native and web-based clients across multiple operating systems and device types. Microsoft Access, on the other hand, is a database application for building locally-hosted databases for very small teams of Windows users only.
Skeleton Key Mac Os Download
So is Claris FileMaker right for your organization? Here are some points worth knowing if you are considering Claris FileMaker vs. Access:
- Claris FileMaker provides both a client-server architecture (for widespread deployment of a solution), as well as the ability to launch the very same solution locally on a standalone workstation or supported mobile device. This allows for both greater flexibility during the solution development lifecycle, as well as a hedge against interruptions to business continuity.
- Claris FileMaker offers native clients for Windows, macOS and iOS, and offers a browser-based client for several brands of supported browsers on virtually any workstation, tablet or mobile device, independent of the operating system.
- Claris FileMaker offers Encryption at Rest (EAR), Encryption in Transit (EIT), role-based security, field-level security, conditional access and validation based on calculations, Active Directory integration, and OAUTH integration as native features of the platform.
- Claris FileMaker supports live integration with a variety of SQL sources within both the server and the native client. Supported SQL sources include Microsoft SQL, ORACLE, MySQL, PostgreSQL and Db2. This integration allows tables and views from those data sources to be commingled in the Claris FileMaker data schema, along with native Claris FileMaker data, and to be expressed in Claris FileMaker layouts and manipulated by Claris FileMaker scripts.
- FileMaker offers a native REST API, and can integrate with third-party systems using REST, JSON, JavaScript and cURL.
- On iOS, the Claris FileMaker platform also offers camera, gesture, GPS and sensor integration.
- The server and workstation components of the platform also support an extensible plug-in architecture with a rich eco-system of plug-in developers.
- Claris FileMaker can easily scale to support hundreds of simultaneous users on a single instance of Claris FileMaker Server. Claris FileMaker Server is available in the AWS Marketplace as Claris FileMaker Cloud for AWS and now as Claris FileMaker Cloud (Standard and Essentials), which offer secure and scalable cloud-based options for hosting solutions with high availability and an extra layer of security.
- Claris FileMaker, Inc. has been a consistently profitable business for decades and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apple. The platform has seen a growth in R&D in the past decade, with dramatic investments in the technology, annual releases of new versions, and a publicly visible roadmap that continues to embrace modern standards, additional enhancements to security, further scalability, additional integrations, etc.
Dell SecureWorks posted about the Skeleton Key malware discovered at a customer site.
The Skeleton Key malware is installed on one or multiple Domain Controllers running a supported 64bit OS.
The malware 'patches' the security system enabling a new master password to be accepted for any domain user, including admins.
This enables the attacker to logon as any user they want with the master password (skeleton key) configured in the malware.
'Joe User' logs in using his usual password with no changes to his account. The attacker can log in as Joe using the skeleton key password and it is seen as a valid logon…
Key Points:
Skeleton Key Osage Beach Mo
- Requires domain-level admin rights (and debug rights which admins have by default) to 'patch' LSASS on a Domain Controller.
- All existing user account passwords continue working as normal.
- Adds a new password that enables the attacker to log on as any user with this password – this is the 'skeleton key'.
- Active Directory Domain Controllers may experience replication issues.
- User accounts that require a smart card for authentication are not affected.
- The Skeleton Key malware currently doesn't remain active after a reboot – rebooting the DCs removes the in-memory patch. Note that DCs are typically only rebooted about once a month.
- The Skeleton Key malware only works on the following 64-bit systems: Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, and Windows Server 2003 R2.
- Performs Kerberos encryption downgrade to RC4_HMAC_MD5
- Mimikatz now has skeleton key functionality and seems to work on all versions of Windows Server…
- Protect your Active Directory admin accounts and don't let untrusted code run on Domain Controllers.
Skeleton Key Malware Actions:
When run, Skeleton Key performs the following tasks:
- Check for one of the following compatible 64-bit Windows versions. The malware is not compatible with 32-bit Windows versions or with Windows Server versions beginning with Windows Server 2012 (6.2).
- 6.1 (Windows 2008 R2)
- 6.0 (Windows Server 2008)
- 5.2 (Windows 2003 R2)
- Use the SeDebugPrivilege function to acquire the necessary administrator privileges to write to the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) process. This process controls security functions for the AD domain, including user account authentication.
- Enumerate available processes to acquire a handle to the LSASS process.
- Obtain addresses for the authentication-related functions that will be patched:
- CDLocateCSystem — located in cryptdll.dll
- SamIRetrieveMultiplePrimaryCredentials — located in samsrv.dll
- SamIRetrievePrimaryCredentials — located in samsrv.dll
- Perform OS-specific adjustments using the global variable set during the compatibility check in Step 1.
- Use the OpenProcess function to acquire a handle to the LSASS process.
- Reserve and allocate the required memory space to edit and patch the LSASS process's memory.
- Patch relevant functions based on the operating system:
- CDLocateCSystem (all compatible Windows versions)
- SamIRetrieveMultiplePrimaryCredentials (only Windows 2008 R2 (6.1))
- SamIRetrievePrimaryCredentials (all compatible Windows versions other than Windows 2008 R2 (6.1))
Skeleton Key performs the following steps to patch each function:
- Call the VirtualProtectEx function to change the memory protection to allow writing to the required memory allocations (PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, 0x40). This step allows the function's code to be updated in memory.
- Call the WriteProcessMemory function to change the address of the target function to point to the patched code. This change causes calls to the target function to use the patch instead.
- Restore the original memory protection by calling VirtualProtectEx with the original memory protection flags. This step is likely to avoid suspicious writable and executable memory allocations.
While this issue was recently published, based on file data, it is likely it has been around for a while.
Read more about the Skeleton Key malware on the Dell SecureWorks CTU site.
Mimikatz Skeleton Key Functionality:
Benjamin Delpy updated Mimikatz (version 2.0 alpha, Jan 17 2015 01:24:17) with skeleton key functionality.
Mimikatz can now inject a skeleton key into LSASS on the Domain Controller by running the following command on the DC:
mimikatz.exe 'privilege::debug' 'misc::skeleton' exit
References:
